The characters of the devanāgarī alphabet, and the European letters which will be used in transliterating them, are as follows: | Vowels |
|
| short | long |
|---|
| simple |
| 1 अ a | 2 आ ā |
|---|
| palatal | 3 इ i | 4 ई ī |
|---|
| labial | 5 उ u | 6 ऊ ū |
|---|
| lingual | 7 ऋ ṛ | 8 ॠ ṝ |
|---|
| dental | 9 ऌ ḷ | [10 ॡ [ḹ] |
|---|
| diphthongs | palatal | 11 ए e | 12 ऐ āi |
|---|
| labial | 13 ओ o | 14 औ āu |
|---|
| Visarga | 15 अः ḥ |
|---|
| Anusvāra | 16 अं, अँ ṅ or ṁ (see 73 c). |
|---|
|
| surd | surd asp. | sonant | son.asp. | nasal |
|---|
| Mutes | guttural | 17 क k | 18 ख kh | 19 ग g | 20 घ gh | 21 ङ n̄ |
|---|
| palatal | 22 च c | 23 छ ch | 24 ज j | 25 झ jh | 26 ञ ñ |
|---|
| lingual | 27 ट ṭ | 28 ठ ṭh | 29 ड ḍ | 30 ढ ḍh | 31 ण ṇ |
|---|
| dental | 32 त t | 33 थ th | 34 द d | 35 ध dh | 36 न n |
|---|
| labial | 37 प p | 38 फ ph | 39 ब b | 40 भ bh | 41 म m |
|---|
| Semivowels | palatal | 42 य y |
|---|
| lingual | 43 र r |
|---|
| dental | 44 ल l |
|---|
| labial | 45 व v |
|---|
| Sibilants | palatal | 46 श ç |
|---|
| lingual | 47 ष ṣ |
|---|
| dental | 48 स s |
|---|
| Aspiration | 49 ह h |
|---|
a. To these may be added a lingual ḻ ळ, which in some of the Vedic texts takes the place of ड ḍ when occurring between two vowels (54).
| 